Research Library
All research behind this project — 12 grid incidents, cost analyses, market data, and technical references. Every claim is sourced.
Grid Incidents
Major grid failures and near-misses from the last two decades. Each incident includes a detailed timeline, root cause analysis, and an assessment of how distributed energy resources could have helped.
2003
Northeast US/Canada Blackout
United States, Ontario — 55 million
2003
Italy Blackout
Italy — 56 million
2006
European Grid Split
Continental Europe — 15M households
2016
South Australia Blackout
South Australia — 1.7M (entire state)
2017
Hornsdale Battery Response
South Australia — Prevented cascade
2017
South Australia Heatwave
South Australia — 90K homes
2021
Texas ERCOT Winter Storm
Texas — 4.5M homes, 246 dead
2021
European Grid Split
Continental Europe — 200M+ at risk
2024
Dunkelflaute
Germany — Price event
2025
Iberian Peninsula Blackout
Spain, Portugal — 55-60 million
2025
Berlin Johannisthal Arson
Berlin — 50K households
2026
Berlin Teltow Canal Arson
Berlin — 45K households
Deep Dives
Topic research that spans multiple incidents and covers the economics, technology, and policy behind grid modernization.
Cascading Failures
How single faults propagate across interconnected grids
Grid Flexibility Costs
Peaker economics, battery alternatives, demand-side savings
German Grid Curtailment
TSO/DSO dynamics, renewable integration challenges
Electricity Pricing
Negative prices, merit order, EPEX SPOT analysis
Demand Response
VPP participation, flexibility markets, battery economics
VPP Market Analysis
Global market size, growth projections, key players
Grid Frequency Reference
FCR, aFRR, mFRR technical parameters
Enpal and Flexa
Company background, VPP fleet, technology stack
Open Source
All research is available in the project repository. Corrections and contributions welcome.